Establishing Climate Variability and Change Using Rainfall, Temperature and Wind as proxies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65544/srgh2062Keywords:
Climate Variability, Northwestern, Nigeria, Rainfall, TemperatureAbstract
This study attempts to establish climate change and variability through trend analysis using rainfall, temperature, and wind as proxies. This research intends to determine the geographical and earthly trends of the chosen atmospheric parameters. Data analysis was performed applying the Non-parametric Test, Mann-Kendall Trend Test, and Sen’s Slope Estimator. The statistics were prepared and examined using version 29 of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Furthermore, Content Analysis (CA) was employed to compare the respondents' perceptions of atmosphere deviation and alteration with the climatic data. The results showed the occurrence of challenges linked to disproportionate rainfall connected to heightened climate variability. This was substantiated through the statistically significant spatial variations in rainfall, temperature, and wind speed, although at different scales. Generally, the results displayed a latitudinal and sequential inclination of rainfall, temperature, and wind speed. However, the time-based variability is more obvious than the longitudinal changes. Yet, this does not mean ignoring the spatial variations the fact that it will affect farmers' livelihoods at different proportion to the magnitude of the horizontal deviations within the study area. Though rainfall plays a significant position in global warming studies due to its influence on climate regulation and food production. Yet the significance of wind and temperature in the climate change mechanism cannot be overlooked considering their crucial roles via evaporation and transpiration.
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All visual illustrations included in this article were produced using DALL-E, a text-to-image generative system developed by OpenAI. Each image was created specifically for this publication and constitutes an original visual composition. The illustrations do not reproduce, adapt, or derive from any pre-existing copyrighted works and are free from third-party copyright restrictions. The images may be used, reproduced, and distributed as part of this article in accordance with standard academic and scholarly use.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Da'u Abba Umar, Dr. Salisu Lawal Halliru, Aliyu Muhammad Inuwa, Nafisa Tafida Usman, Ramatu Dahiru, Binta Zakari, Usman Tukur GARO (Ph.D.) (Author)
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